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It's nothing personal - regular readers will know that I have a soft spot for her - but the apparent confirmation that Obama will send Hillary Clinton's name to the Senate for confirmation as Secretary of State is lamentable. As detailed in posts linked back from this one, Clinton is ineligible for the post, and it's deeply disappointing that one of President Obama's first actions after swearing an oath to support and defend the Constitution will be to violate it.
I guess we now start looking for a plaintiff. Writing to one's Senator seems pointless when one's Senator aspires to have use of the Saxbe fix themselves.
Sue but later
By all means find someone to take this to court, but wait until she has resigned her Senate seat and someone else has been appointed.
Opportunity is knocking right now.
resigning and then assuming SoS, anybody?
Er, I'm failing to have the least bit of understanding about what's unconstitutional about her, er, resigning and then assuming SoS. I read an earlier post of yours, but it failed to clear the mists from my eyes.
Can you explain?
Simple, Jon...
The prohibition continues for the entire time period for which the Senator was elected. Since other provisions already prevent a sitting Senator from serving as an officer of the United States, the emoluments prohibition included explicit language referring to the Senator's term. Otherwise, it would be an utterly meaningless prohibition.
See how that last clause generally prohibits a Senator or Rep. from being both an "office under the United States" and being a member of the House or Senate "during his continuance in office." Once the member resigns from the chamber, they are no longer "continuing in office" and so can become an officer of the United States.
But the emoluments clause, earlier, is far broader, and bars the Senator or Rep. from taking any civil office under the United States "during the time for which he was elected" if the emoluments have been increased during that period. So Senator Clinton could be appointed Secretary of State, but only after her current Senate term expires.
half-arsed exception
Didn't Simon suggest in a previous post that this has come up before, and a half-arsed work around was used, one that he found wholly unsatisfactory, but which carried the day at that time?
I can understand why "letter of the law" folks find this very troubling. It's a pretty clear rule, and if HC voted for an SoS pay rraise, then the rule quite clearly applies to her current situation. But I suspect that few folks really give a turd, and that the previous workaround will carry the day again. Easily.
Clearly the intent of the emoluments clause was to prevent congresscritters from crafting a high-paying gov't job which they would them take over. That's a worthwhile intent. I'll cheerfully agree that ideally the letter of a constitutional rule should be obeyed or a proper amendment crafted. But since I don't think HC's appointment is a case of a corrupt senator feathering the nest, I'm really not very troubled by it.
And FWIW, I am quite familiar with the usual argument about why I should be troubled. After all, it's the CONSTITUTION, and its sanctity is under threat. Everybody panic! :-) But my reaction is still "oh, well." It's nowhere near the constitutional nick to founder intent that has been hacked for example by using interstate commerce to let the feds do and tax and regulate whatever they feel like.
It feels like a boutique or even arcane concern to me. And constitutional sanctity aside, the GOP stands to gain little from pushing this. So they won't. I might feel worse if I felt that constitutional integrity had never before been threatened or breached. But no one thinks that. We're not talking about a virgin pane of glass here.
More than that, Brian...
The other purpose of the rule was to help hold down government salaries generally and to retard the growth of government. Passe' goals in this day and age, but if you don't like it, well then amend the Constitution. If you take your little "oh well, what does it really matter" attitude and apply it regularly, then pretty soon there's very little left.
This is entirely different from the interstate commerce issue. Even in 1789, there was a lot of disagreement over the extent of that power, and the language used was very broad. Here, the language is entirely specific and very clear. Perhaps we should just let a 30 year old run for President. And what's next after that? Maybe we'll say, well, why is a 2/3 vote necessary to expel a member of Congress? I mean, what if 1/3 + 1 members are just being foolishly recalcitrant, not serving the "purpose" of the rule? Why shouldn't something less be used. C'mon, that's not the "purpose" so what does it matter?
Brian, you want no rules at all. You just want everything to be done in accordance with whatever seems "right" to you at that particular moment, for that particular circumstance. That might be fine if we all agreed on what the right thing to do was always, but we don't. So we pass laws to control how these decisions are made.
And who said anything about panic? It's not panic to point out that the Clinton appointment is a clear violation of the emoluments clause. Nobody here at least has said that the world will come to an end. At most, we've noted the irony of a highly-touted "professor of constitutional law"-turned-President committing such a clear violation with one of his earliest actions. That's not "panic."
no rules?
That's why I try to apply it with restraint. I think we're on about a once-per-9-months-schedule with this deabte here at SF Pat. That doesn't sound TOO bad. :-) For example, if there were one thousand things, there will still be more than 900 left by the time I die. :-) As for my alleged ""oh well, what does it really matter" attitude, I like to think it's more of a "some things matter more than others" attitude.
I can appreciate that you find this argument frustrating Pat, especially since it always comes up on issues that you feel are more important than I do. Nature of that beast I guess. No one likes to feel dismissed. My perspective is that it relates to picking my battles. So if I had to choose between what so-called assaults on the constitution I would bother to take umbrage at, this wouldn't be one. Kelo is another matter. This one feels like a tiny nick, while Kelo feels like a gouge.
I often say "everybody panic" as a way of poking fun at folks who feel way more upset about something than I can muster the outrage for. It's just a stock joke, I didn't mean anything by it.
What about the issue of the previously applied crappy work-around that carried the day before? Any thoughts about that?
Panic and outrage
Brian, the thing is, nobody is calling for impeachment if this goes through, or demanding that everybody vote against any Senator who votes for confirmation of Clinton. I would agree that picking one's battles is wise.
But that does not mean we should refrain from noting the improper actions which are being proposed and condemning them, on the record, at the time they occur. To do so does not mean that we are "upset" or that we are not trying to carefully pick our battles. I would suggest in return that you pick your battles with what you label "outrage." There's plenty of faux-outrage generated by both sides often enough. To label all discussions of illegal actions as showing outrage or panic cheapens the argument and renders it useless when confronted by actual ridiculous outrage.
If you want to say, yes, it's against the law, but I just don't care, well, that's your prerogative. I myself will stop with simply pointing out the legal issues involved and pointing out the hypocrisy of those who support this action but denounced almost every action of President Bush as blatantly unconstitutional.
and?
What about the issue of the previously applied crappy work-around that carried the day before? Any thoughts about that?
Jon, if you had read my
Jon, if you read my earlier posts - indeed, if you clicked the link in this one - you shouldn't need to ask that question.
If the Constitutional problem weren't in play, I'd have no
problem at all with Hillary as Secretary of State. I'm a Hillary fan. In fact, the only problem I do have with the pick is the Constitutional problem, and even with the "rolling back the odometer" method, it's still kind of a clousy issue. Obama doesn't need this clouding his Presidency.
Emoluments and delegation of power
Someone who was taking the law strictly might argue that Bush, raising the salary with an executive order, should be impeached for performing a duty that isn't assigned to him the Constitution.
But that power was delegated to him by Congress, and it was delegated to him before Hillary Clinton was elected Senator. Looking it at that way, a judge could argue that Congressional approval for the pay raise occurred before Hillary was in office. "The Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased" could be interpreted to mean when the emoluments were approved for an increase, and not when the increase took effect.
Not really, no...
"Shall have been encreased" is pretty clearly a specific and intentional use of the passive voice to be as broad as possible. I don't have the precise cite in front of me, but the Constitutional Convention considered other language which would have clearly prohibited only taking the appointment if Congress had voted for the increase during the member's term. The convention rejected that language in favor of this broader, passive voice prohibition.
Insisting on the broader (and proper) interpretation of the language would also discourage Congress from delegating too much of its power, as they have done with the automatic raises provision. If Congress wants to escape the political liability associated with voting for pay raises, they shouldn't be rewarded by increasing the availability of plum executive appointments.
If the argument for ignoring this provision (or being "creative" to get around it) is that, hey, Obama should be given the Sec. State he wants, well, where do you draw the line? What if he appointed a cabinet full of Senators, all in violation of this provision? Does he get one pass for whatever office he wants to use it for? Does the exception apply only to SoS, but not to lower cabinet officials like Agriculture or Commerce?
And should we expect President Obama, former Constitutional Law Professor, to have to at least acknowledge the issue for the record? Is the issue so unimportant that he shouldn't even have to answer any questions about it?
Hi Pat, There is certainly
Hi Pat,
There is certainly no merit in my saying that Republicans have stretched the law many times, so why not Obama. Yes, there is no doubt that erosion is erosion and we are sliding down that slippery slope thanks to Republicans and Democrats alike.
I would add that given the events in India, Pakistan, Caracas, Syria, Eastern Europe, Afghanistan, Iran (time is running out), Gaza, Lebanon, etc., this HRC pick is one bending that might mean a lot to our future world (Thank God it wasn't Kerry or Richardson). Now Susan Rice at the UN is disturbing. Carter's role?When Hillary sticks it to our adversaries can Obama wimp out? Perhaps, Bill's dealings will become grist for media in due time and sink her ship. Maybe Hillary will be a great SOS.
Simon, I am far more worried about other heavy Obama bending that will likely come in the form of bailouts, media control, new regulatory authority and other federal mandates. I know you are concerned about that possibility even more than this Clinton thing. I am hoping along with Brian Obama steers a centered course. One can't prove that Obama is steering to the Left right now. While it might be a bad omen to some for Obama pushing Hillary through, perhaps we should wait a bit longer before warning the Constitutional sky might fall. There is a SCOTUS that leans right the last time I checked. For now, Obama doesn't appear to be caving to the Left. In fact, the Lefties seem a bit angry how "old school" Obama is playing it. Onward Afghanistan....LOL
On the bright side, Franken will lose and Hillary will get a chance to bitch stare Ahmadinejad.......
Add On:
Bill Clinton signed this into law. I wonder how much money from Chicago flows to the Middle East. I wonder whether the Obama SEC STATE, AG and Treasurer will see how much closer the indicted list gets to the South Side....
Hhhmmmm open vote for Unions and closed books for Middle Eastern charities.....
Not buying either of those
Not buying either of those arguments for a microsecond. The emoluments were "encreased" when they were "encreased," and there is no limitation that the increase in emoluments must be performed by Congress itself.
Increased means the act of
Increased means the act of increasing them, which could either mean at their approval or at their instatement.
And no there's no specific limitation that they be performed by Congress, but it is a Congressional power, and so the context in which it cites emoluments as being increased is with the Congress performing the act. As far as the executive acts on its own, it claims that right by fulfilling legislation already enacted by Congress, so it wouldn't be unfair to look at the President as fulfilling an act of Congress passed before that term.
But if Pat is right, and the writers of the language understood that the power could be delegated, or were specifically talking about the instatements of the increase rather than their approval, then those arguments don't matter.
My tendency is to interpret
My tendency is to interpret the language of a law in a way that's not counter-intuitive to the intentions behind the law. My impression was that the intent was to prevent Congressmen from voting for positions or salaries that they would later fill. There may have been more behind the intent though , like Pat suggests.
So what, do you think the crisis will be resolved by Obama lowering the salary back to how it was before she was in the Senate? Is that acceptable Constitutionally?
Seems like the only way out of this problem, although it's been
noted elsewhere that such a fix is messy at best, and I've argued that has the appearance of rolling back the odometer, after one has crossed the line, although one could argue that you're not really rolling the increase back, rather you're erasing it from the record, as if it never happened (or at least trying to). It's a messy solution, no matter how you slice it.
This is terribly anal but
This is terribly anal but didn't the Congress screw up the Saxbe fix it just passed so that Sen. Clinton can avoid the Ineligibility Clause problem? The Resolution rolls back her Sec. of State salary to $186,600. However, if press reports were accurate, Sen. Clinton took the oath for her current term on Jan. 5, 2007. On that date, the actual salary for the Schedule 1 offices under the Executive Schedule (which includes the Sec. of State) was $183,500. Pursuant to a Dec. 2006 Exec. Order the salary increase for Schedule 1 offices (to $186,600) did not take effect until Jan. 8, 2007. If one looks to the defining moment for the Ineligibility Clause as when a salary was actually increased - rather than when th increase was ordered (as most folks did in the context of the 1967 Salary Act) then the present rollback in salary is not deep enough. If Sen. Clinton was indeed sworn in on Jan. 5, then at that time the Sec. of State salary was $183,500. The Saxbe fix shold roll the Sec. of State salary back to that level. The salary The salary was increased to $186,600 three days later and then by more in Jan. 2008. The present resolution ignores the initial Jan. 2007 "actual" increase in its rollback calculations.